Saturday, August 31, 2019

A Cycle Is a Biological Pathway or Process in Which the End Product

A cycle is a biological pathway or process in which the end product of one cycle becomes the starting point for the next cycles Write an essay about cycles. Respiration Cells in the body use ATP as a direct source of energy. The conversion of glucose into ATP takes place during respiration. There are 2 different types of respiration, the more common and frequent one is aerobic respiration which is the production of ATP for energy. The less common one is anaerobic respiration, the production of lactate during which the muscles have a limited supply of oxygen, and however keep working despite this.Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and glucose present to work, and occurs in 4 stages: 1) Glycolysis- the splitting of a 6-carbon glucose molecule into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. There is a net gain of 2 ATP’s produced. 2) Link reaction- the conversion of the 3-carbon pyruvate molecule into carbon dioxide and a 2-carbon acetyl co-enzyme A molecule. No ATP is produced during this stage. 3) Krebs cycle- the introduction of acetyl co-enzyme A into a cycle of oxidation-reduction reactions that yield some ATP and a large number of electrons. ) Electron transport chain (ETC) – electrons used from Krebs cycle to synthesise ATP with water produced as a by-product. Glycolysis is the initial stage of aerobic respiration, and it takes place in the cytoplasm of cell. It is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, (which then goes in to initiate the second stage, the link reaction, and so forth) although there are a number of smaller enzyme controlled reactions for tis to take place. 1. Activation of glucose by phosphorylation.Before glucose can be split into 2 pyruvate molecules, it first must be made more reactive by the addition of 2 phosphate molecules, donated by the hydrolysis of 2 ATP molecules to ADP. This provides the energy to activate glucose. 2. Splitting of the phosphorylated glucose. Each glucose is split into 2 3-carbon molecules of triose phosphate . 3. Oxidation of triose phosphate. Triose phosphate is oxidized transferring 2 hydrogen molecules to a hydrogen-carrier, NAD to produce reduced NADH. 4. Production of ATP. Enzyme-controlled reactions convert each triose phosphate into 3-carbon pyruvate. molecules of ATP are regenerated from ADP. The pyruvate molecules produced in the cytoplasm during glycolysis are actively transported into the matrix of the mitochondria where the link reaction takes place. Pyruvate undergoes a series of reactions to be made into acetyl co-enzyme A. the following changes occur. * Pyruvate is oxidised by the removal of hydrogen. This hydrogen then binds to NAD to produce reduced NADH (which is later used to produce ATP late). * The 2-carbon molecule acetyl group that is thereby formed combines with a coenzyme, coenzyme A (CoA) to produce Acetyl CoA. A carbon dioxide molecule is formed from each pyruvate. Pyruvate + NAD + CoA acetyl CoA + reduced NADH + CO2 The Krebs cycle involves a series of oxidat ion-reduction reactions that take place in the matrix of mitochondria. * the 2-carbon acetyl CoA from the link reaction with a 4-carbon molecule to produce a 6-carbon molecule. * This 6-carbon molecule loses carbon dioxide and hydrogen’s to give a 4-carbon molecule and a single molecule of ATP produced as a result of substrate-level phosphorylation. The 4-carbon molecule can now combine with a new molecule of acetyl CoA to begin the cycle again. The ETC takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, where ATP is synthesised using the ETC as followed; * The H+ atoms produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle combine with the NAD and FAD that are attached to the cristae. * The reduced NAD and FAD donate the e- of the hydrogen atoms they are carrying to the first molecule in the ETC * This releases the protons from the hydrogen atoms and these protons are actively transported across the inner mitochondrion membrane. The e- meanwhile, pass along the ETC molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. The e- lose energy as the pass down the chain, some of this is used to combine ADP and inorganic phosphate to produce ATP. The remaining energy is used to from heat. * The protons accumulate in the space between the 2 mitochondrion membranes before they diffuse back into the mitochondrion matrix via protein channels. * At the end of the chain the e- combine with the protons and oxygen to form water.Oxygen is therefore the final acceptor in the ETC. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages. The light-dependent reaction which takes place in the thylakoid, and the light-independent which takes place in the stroma. Both are vital for the production of ATP. The light-dependent needs light to undergo its reactions. The thylakoid contains chlorophyll which absorbs light. Photophosphorylation occurs during this reaction which is the making of ADP plus an inorganic phosphate to make ATP.NADP is also reduced during this reaction into NADPH. As well a s this happening in the light-dependent reaction, water is split via photolysis in to protons and electrons and oxygen which diffuses out of the leaf. The light-independent reactions does not require light to process, however it does rely on 2 major products of the light-dependent reaction to take place, ATP and NADPH. This reaction is shown in the form of the Calvin cycle. * CO2 enters the stroma from the light-dependent reaction, and produces 2 3-carbon glycerate-3-phosphate. 2 ATP molecules then donate 2 phosphate molecules to produce ADP. And NADPH is oxidized to produce NADP. This goes on to form 2 3-carbon triose phosphate molecules. * 1-carbon from the triose phosphate molecule is then stored to contribute to making glucose. ATP is then reduced again donating a phosphate molecule to produce 5-carbon rubiscose bisphosphate, this in turn then produces and enzyme rubisco which catalyses the whole cycle again. * This cycle must happen 6 times in order to make 1 glucose molecule.

Friday, August 30, 2019

“Death of a Salesman” by Miller and “A Doll’s House” by Ibsen Essay

â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and â€Å"A Doll’s House† are two plays that were written in different centuries. In these plays, among other things, is presented the place that women hold in the family, as well as in the society. Although in many aspects, the two protagonists of the plays, Linda and Nora respectively, appear to have things in common, at the same time they are very different, since Nora seems to be more modern and liberal than Linda, which is ironic given the fact that Ibsen wrote his play seventy years earlier than Miller. The representation of the two women in these two plays is what will be discussed in this paper. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, Linda embodies the role of the traditional American woman, which was to take care of her husband, her children and the house, regardless of her personal aspirations, and dreams. The woman is expected to stay at home and engage in everyday house works, like cooking, cleaning and sewing, while the man, as the head of the family, is expected to find a well-respected job position because it was the man’s duty to provide for the entire family. So Linda has given up on everything she hoped for in her life, she sacrificed herself, just to be with her husband and her two sons, even though her husband doesn’t seem to be treating her very well. Willy disregards every word Linda attempts to interject in family conversations by interrupting her and accusing her of interrupting him. He shouts at her, he doesn’t let her speak and when she does, he speaks to her badly. A distinct example is the passage towards the end of Act I, in which Linda attempts in vain to speak her mind: Linda: â€Å"Maybe things are beginning to-† Willy: â€Å"Stop interrupting!† (1907), and later on when Linda tries again to say something Willie tells her abruptly â€Å"Will you let me talk?† (1907), while he is the one doing most of the talking all this time. Despite her husband’s constant degradation, Linda appears to be a woman who is very loyal, loving, caring and understanding to her husband. Not even once did she complain about Willy’s belittling behavior. Linda seems to be for Willy the perfect wife: she always speaks very nicely to him, she makes sure that his clothes are always mended, and that he has got everything he needs with him before he leaves for a trip. She loves him very much and she doesn’t seem to hold against him the terrible way that he treats her. A distinct example is the fact that right after the incident of insulting her, she proposes to sing to him a lullaby, so that he could relax : Linda: â€Å"Just rest. Should I sing to you?† Willy: â€Å"Yeah. Sing to me† (1909). At the same time, Linda stands up for him, takes his side, even if it means to get into a fight with her sons, for not treating him with the respect he deserves as their father: Linda: â€Å"He’s the dearest man in the world to me, and I won’t have anyone making him feel unwanted and low and blue †¦Either he’s your father and you pay him that respect, or else you’re not to come here† (1902). Also, and she tries to protect him by asking for their sons’ help, when she realized that he had been trying to commit suicide, since she didn’t want to do anything that would let Willy know that she has understood that he wanted to die. She was very concerned not to hurt her husband’s pride, realizing that if she confronted him, Willy would be devastated: â€Å"How can I mention it to him? Every day I go down and take away that little rubber pipe. But, when he comes home, I put it back where it was. How can I insult him that way?† (1904). Linda is also a very dedicated mother to her children, that she managed to raise in the best way possible, when she was all alone with them, while her husband was away for a long period of time. She has always been with them; she has educated them since the day they were born and she has tried to install in them good values. Even now, that her sons are adults, she still reprimands them about being selfish, impolite, rude and disrespectful towards their father. And her sons seem to love her and think very highly of her; for them she’s the perfect role model for a future wife: Happy: â€Å"Somebody with character, with resistance! Like Mom, y’know?† (1885) This is ironic, since her own husband doesn’t seem to appreciate her, and treats her  badly. On the other hand, Nora, the protagonist of â€Å"A Doll’s House†, represents the society’s notion for the women in the late 1800s, which is not very different from that of the mid 1900s, in the sense that the wife has to stay at home, taking care of her husband and children, and doing all the household chores. Under no circumstance is a woman expected to work and contribute to the family income for the man, for once more, the man is the one that works and brings in the money. Thus, poor Nora is financially dependent, in a great extent, on Trovald, and every time she wants to buy something she has to ask him to give her some money: Nora: â€Å"Your could always give me money, Torvald. Only what you think you could spare. And then I could buy myself something with it later on.† (1768). Nora, like all the women of her era, is controlled by her husband, who is the one that wants to make all the decisions for her, even what she would or wouldn’t eat, like when he forbidden her to eat the macaroons that she liked so much. Nora, just like Linda, is very concerned with her husband’s health, but instead of just watching she decides to do what she can to save his life, even if this means acting behind his back and hurting his pride, in order to get the necessary amount of money to save his life. Nora: â€Å"Torvald is a man with †¦ pride – it would be terribly embarrassing and humiliating for him if he thought he owed anything to me† (1775) because for a man that was considered to be strong enough, it would be regarded as an insult to admit that he needs the help of a helpless woman. What Nora did shows that although she appears to be a typical woman of her era, in reality she’s very different, she is a rebel that risks everything so that she won’t lose the man that she loves. In the end, when everything is revealed, she’s very hurt, for she realized that the man that she risked everything for never loved her, and that all she was to him was a beautiful toy-d oll to play with, and not a person with real feelings. The way that the men in her life have treated her is expressed in one word through the metaphor that Ibsen uses: a doll. That has been very confusing to Nora and her role as a mother of three children, since it has made her  also think her children as dolls. The only thing that Nora does with her children is to play games. She has completely trusted their upbringing to the nursemaid without worrying about them or trying to teach them values and how to behave, like Linda did. In the end, she realizes that she would have never become a good mother to her children, and in fear of hurting them or turning them into dolls she decides to leave them forever: â€Å"And never see the children again either. Never, never.† (1813). In the end, Nora realizes that she had been living a lie, and she is faced with the dilemma of engaging the responsibilities to her husband and children or the responsibilities to herself. But the need to break free from the simple, decorative roles that she has been assigned, and to find herself, is greater than anything else. She can’t be of any use to anyone without discovering her self first, and see what she can do on her own: â€Å"If I’m ever to reach any understanding of myself and the things around me, I must learn to stand alone† (1818). She’s young and beautiful, contrary to Linda who stayed until the end with her husband and children, and she has the whole life ahead of her to love and to be loved, make a new family, since she finally made the decision to leave Trovald and never come back, unless â€Å"a miracle of miracles† (1821) would happen. Both plays discuss the position of the women in the family and in the society. Two different women, from two different times were victims of their era. The one is old, unattractive but caring and supportive; she is Linda, the woman of the 1940s. The other is young, and beautiful but also more modern and demanding; she is Nora, the woman of the 1870s. Both of them weren’t happy with their lives, but only one of them, Nora, finds the strength to leave and change her life. And that is why the Linda was the victim of the capitalistic society, while Nora’s more of a feminist.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Behavior Modification Project Essay

Identify Target Behavior: Get a Healthier Amount of Sleep/Stop Napping Daily I chose to modify my sleeping behavior for my behavior modification project. Sleep is something that I have always had a problem with. In high school I would get an average of about 5 hours of sleep a night, and now as a junior in college I get about 5-6 hours a night. I wanted to modify this behavior because I feel that not getting enough sleep is negatively affecting my mood, health, and overall outlook on my every day experience. It would be beneficial to me to be more awake and happy throughout my days rather than be tired and pushing myself to stay awake. My main issue with my sleeping behavior is the amount of time I spend per day napping. If my nightly sleeping patterns were increased, I could eliminate the need for naps during the day. Baseline Data: 4.5-5.5 Hours of Sleep per Night At the beginning of the term I observed my sleeping patterns for a week. Since I have a different schedule on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays than I do on Tuesdays and Thursdays I found that I do get slightly more sleep on some nights than I do on others. I did not include weekend sleep times in my data. On Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday nights I would go to bed between 11:30 and midnight. I would then wake up at 5:30 am the following mornings. Therefore 3 nights of the week I was getting around 5.5/6 hours of sleep. On Monday and Wednesday nights I would go to bed somewhere in that same time frame of 11:30 to midnight. However on the following mornings I needed to be awake an hour earlier, so I would wake up at 4:30 am. On these nights I was getting about 4.5/5 hours of sleep. I noted that on Tuesdays and Thursdays I was more likely to get home from work and fall asleep around 4 pm for about 3 hours each of those days. On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, I would nap for about an hour and a half around 3 pm. I observed that during the times that I would come home and nap, I could have been doing something more valuable with my time if my body had the energy to keep going rather than take a few hours to rest itself. Stimulus Conditions: School, Homework, and Distractions I live at home and commute to school, so the main stimulus condition was the distractions that are available to me such as TV and internet. I have slept with my TV on for as long as I have had it. Usually I will turn on a show or a movie and fall asleep half way through watching it. This is the main problem for me because once I start I have an extremely difficult time stopping myself. My brain is still concentrating on the website I was on or what I was watching as I am trying to fall asleep. Another condition is school. Since I do commute, I have to be up a lot earlier than I would if I were living on campus. I work a lot of days after I get out of class so I have to have my hair and makeup done and can’t go to class looking the way I did when I woke up. I realize that I could not change my wakeup time for this project because that is the amount of time that I need to get ready and drive to school. Another condition is my homework. I usually study and work on homework after dinner which is around 7 pm so homework doesn’t usually affect my sleep that much unless I have a lot of work or studying to do. Set Goals: Every Week Sleep 30 Minutes More per Night At first my goal was to increase the amount of sleep I got by 10 minutes every day. I attempted that the first week and found it to be extremely difficult because the times were so close together that it was almost impossible to make myself fall asleep at that exact time. I also was thinking about it too much and thinking about it made it even more difficult to fall asleep. I decided to switch my goal by going to bed a half hour earlier than I did the week before. That way with a starting point of 5.5 hours, by week 5 I would be getting 8 hours of sleep. The national sleep foundation states on their website that 7-9 hours is the recommended amount of sleep for the average person over the age of 17. Therefore I took the median of that to use as my final goal. Since the main problem that I had was the distractions such as TV and Internet, I made it a rule that I needed to close my laptop and turn off my TV at the specific sleep time goal for that week. I found that with my TV off I was able to fall asleep almost immediately after laying down. I recorded the amount of sleep that I got every night, though it is not exact I did fall asleep almost immediately after the start times so it is only off by a few minutes at most. Sleep Time Goals Week 1 – 11:30 Week 2 – 11:00 Week 3 – 10:30 Week 4 – 10:00 Week 5 – 9:30 *Since Week 1 was unsuccessful in going to sleep around that specific goal time I changed my project by pushing my sleep goals back 30 minutes for the remaining 4 weeks. *Altered Sleep Time Goals Week 1 – 11:30 (Already Passed) Week 2 – 11:30 Week 3 – 11:00 Week 4 – 10:30 Week 5 – 10:00 Actual Sleep Times Week 1 Monday: 11:55 pm-5:30 am – 5 hours 35 minutes (5.58 hours) Tuesday: 11:45 pm-4:30 am – 4 hours and 45 minutes (4.75 hours) Wednesday: 12:00 pm-5:30 am – 5 hours and 30 minutes (5.5 hours) Thursday: 11:50 pm-4:30 am – 4 hours and 40 minutes (4.66 hours) Friday: 11:45 pm-5:30 am – 5 hours and 45 minutes (5.75 hours) Week 2 Monday: 11:20-5:30 – 6 hours and 10 minutes (6.17 hours) Tuesday: 11:15-4:30 am – 5 hours and 15 minutes (5.25 hours) Wednesday: 11:25-5:30 am – 6 hours and 5 minutes (6.08 hours) Thursday: 11:20-4:30 am – 5 hours and 10 minutes (5.17 hours) Friday: 11:15-5:30 am – 6 hours 15 minutes (6.25 hours) WEEK 3 Monday: 10:50 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 40 minutes (6.66 hours) Tuesday: 10:55 pm-4:30 am – 5 hours and 35 minutes (5.58 hours) Wednesday: 10:45 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 45 minutes (6.75 hours) Thursday: 10:50 pm-4:30 am – 5 hours and 40 minutes (5.66 hours) Friday: 10:50 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 40 minutes (6.66 hours) WEEK 4 Monday: 10:25 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 5 minutes (7.08 hours) Tuesday: 10:30 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours (6.0 hours) Wednesday: 10:35 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 55 minutes (5.92 hours) Thursday: 10:20 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours and 10 minutes (6.17 hours) Friday: 10:20 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 10 minutes (7.17 hours) WEEK 5 Monday: 10:00 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 30 minutes (7.5 hours) Tuesday: 10:05 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours and 25 minutes (6.42 hours) Wednesday: 10:00 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 30 minutes (7.5 hours) Thursday: 9:55 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours and 35 minutes (6.58 hours) Friday: 10:00 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 30 minutes (7.5 hours) Below I have included the graphs that I made weekly with the data I collected over the course of that week. The actual amount of sleep I got, my goal amount of sleep for that week, and the National Sleep Foundation recommended amount of sleep are all included. I found that these graphs are excellent for displaying how much closer I got to my sleep goal every week. I was very pleased with the results as I did not expect the project to go so smoothly. Since I live with them, I had asked my mother and my sister to look for any changes in my behavior during this time. Both of them agreed that around week 3 I was more fun to talk to because I wasn’t being so negative in our conversations. My mother enjoyed the fact that I was more willing to go out and run errands with her when I got home rather than go in my room and pass out. By week 5 both of them had said that they noticed I seemed to be getting through my days without as much complaining. Overall I also didn’t notice any changes myself until about week 3. Weeks 3-5 made a big difference because I no longer felt that I â€Å"needed† to take a nap and since I felt that I had more time to do things that I wanted I had a much more positive outlook on my day as a whole. Encourage/Remove Stimulus Conditions: Time Management and Eliminate Distractions Since my main stimulus condition was the distractions that I had, the most important thing for me to do was to set a rule for myself to always turn off my TV and laptop before the goal sleep time of that night. I have always thought that I needed the background noise of my TV to sleep, and I was very surprised to found that I did not have a single problem with the TV being off. The only issue I had with this alteration was the fact that I didn’t create this rule until after week 1. For the first week of my project I continued to go to bed with the TV on, and even though I was technically in bed at my goal sleep time I was not falling asleep until approximately a half hour after laying down. Once I made this change and altered my sleep time goals the project went a lot more smoothly. Since I could not change the time that I woke up in the morning, I knew I needed to work on time management with my homework so that I could have at least a little free time before I made myself shut off my electronics. I stopped taking so many breaks during the time that I was working on homework and I just used a solid block of time to finish everything I had to do. It was a lot easier for me to get done faster when I wasn’t losing focus on other things all of the time. I was happy with the decision I made to turn off my TV and laptop at the time I planned to go to bed every night. I believe that that factor made all the difference in the direction that my project went. I feel that there would have been more obstacles and challenges if I had not created that rule for myself. Modifying these two conditions helped me be able to fall asleep faster and also enjoy falling asleep much more than I had before. Punishers & Reinforcers: Activities During the Time that was used for Naps I at first contemplated the punishments that I could use for not going to sleep at my goal time. The first week of my project I was still not going to sleep around my goal time and I was continuing to sleep at the times I had been sleeping before. I realized that since I used this time to watch movies, I could instead turn it into a reward by watching movies during the time in which I usually napped. Therefore when I returned home around 4 pm, rather than napping for 3 hours I could use that time for â€Å"free time† watching movies and going on the internet so that I could get my fix during that time instead of getting my fix right before I went to bed. If I went to bed earlier, I would not need the naps. It was almost like a cycle that just needed to be adjusted. I stopped needing naps around week 3 when I was getting roughly 6 and a half hours of sleep. It was a nice feeling to look forward to coming home and having free time rather than coming home and wasting a few hours of my day to feel refreshed. The fact that I had something to look forward to was a good reinforcement. I didn’t feel that I needed many more rewards because being on a normal schedule and not losing as many hours of my day was a reward enough for me. I enjoy having more free time as opposed to having nap time. In a way I was using positive and negative reinforcement because I was taking away my time on the internet and watching movies late at night, but rewarding myself by using my time during the day for those activities which I got from going to sleep earlier. Design Schedules of consequence and Administer Schedules: I am going to modify my sleep patterns in order to get an increasingly healthier amount of sleep per night. This will aid in the elimination of daily naps. I am going to sleep 30 minutes earlier every week until I am getting 8 hours of sleep a night. My reward will be having more free time to relax and do what I want after a long day rather than wasting those few hours by sleeping. The free time will be my motivator since I already wish I had more time during the day to do things that I want to do. The Results: Creating this program was somewhat of a challenge because the main problem was my bad sleeping habits. I learned a lot about myself as a result of doing this project, and the most that I learned was near the end when I was organizing all of my data. Though week 1 did not go as planned, I was very proud of myself for actually following through with my goal sleep times for the remainder of the project and I can clearly see the benefits I have gained from the changes that I made. Even though my main goal was to work on the amount of naps that I would take, I noticed many more benefits along the way. I found it easier for me to pay attention in class, and my note taking skills have also improved. My need for coffee in the morning has gone down and I actually drink more water in place which is a much healthier alternative. I also find it much easier to drive to school. I also am in a much better mood in the mornings that I was before. I found the most difficulty in this project during week 1. I believe this is because I had not yet made the adjustment to turn my electronics off. After making that change in my project everything seemed to work out much better and I never really went off track again. I feel that I am more productive and I now also have more time during the day to relax and enjoy myself. I felt that I made a good choice in choosing this specific behavior to modify because it has really improved more than one area of my daily life. I really have learned what a difference a healthy amount of sleep can do for you and I will continue to try and stay with the amount I have worked to getting right now.

Construction safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Construction safety - Research Paper Example ons of the predominating safety approaches, this paper has looked into the major methodologies that have been actualized to enhance word related safety in the construction industry. Assessing the noteworthy methodologies regarding strategies and adequacy, it was discovered that all the methodologies, exchange the trouble of obligation on the foremen. While the part of foremen in guaranteeing the safety of laborers are evident, scientists are of the sentiment that perfect time to consider construction safety is a mid configuration stage. Considering the delayed association from the period of beginning, modelers and designers can assume vital part in recognizing and relieving potential risks to the construction specialists. The new approach of avoiding mischances and episodes through configuration has been proposed in this paper as the future course of safety change in the construction business. Construction work sites are mind boggling or rather complex because of successive work procedures, levels of technology utilized, association in the middle of specialists and supplies, and the changing degrees of safety mindfulness and preparing of the laborers. The erratic and complex nature of the construction assignments has made safety a worry wherever construction exercises occur. The quantity of word related fatalities and injuries in the construction business is exceedingly high. Separated from the societal expense of word related mishaps, the monetary impact can have a sizeable effect on business execution. In 2002, the aggregate expense of fatalities and non-deadly wounds, whether the expense were direct or indirect, was 13 billion dollars. These measurements highlights the essentials of wellbeing and safety in the construction business. Enhancing safety in construction remains a need in just about every nation around the globe, on the grounds that the construction business emerges among all different businesses as the primary giver to extreme and lethal mishaps.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Literature review and project specification Research Paper

Literature review and project specification - Research Paper Example More particularly, different studies prove the connection, practically and theoretically, between the employment influences of organizations’ ICT ventures and the effect of ICT dissemination on organizational factors linked to human resources. Berman and colleagues (2009) identify a growth in mandatory competencies during the 1980s in the sector of manufacturing, which is in part ascribed to the arrival of ICT. Bresnahan and Gambardella (2004) claim that employees and organizations have to implement the application of ICT, and provide empirical proof, at the organizational level, about the connection between the characteristics of the labor force and new recruitment practices. They show that organizations that implement innovation linked to ICT, development of new products or services, and restructuring of work, have a tendency to recruit more skilled employees. Ultimately, Landry and colleagues (2003) analyze the evolving nature of work in the period of technological innovati on (i.e. emergence of e-business) and underline major changes in organizational practices, accompanied with a marked transition towards a labor market of adaptable, skilled groups of entrepreneurial workers. It could be that developments in the use of ICT are aggravating the disparity in employability between the rich and poor technology savvies, also referred to as the ‘digital divide’ (Sims 2002). Current investigations highlight the relationships between social inequalities and ICT, their effect on recruitment practices, vocational training, professional competencies, wages, and others. As suggested by Milgrom and Roberts (1990), a business organization can be considered as a structure founded on agreements between each of its parties, comprising its workers. The interdependencies and ties that arise among those parties necessitate prompt information in order to sustain harmony. Furthermore, in competitive, demanding environments, there is an apparent need to initiat e changes in the firm toward more resilient practices, where regular job-training and specialization are means (Swart, Mann, Brown & Price 2005). In this situation, technological innovation simplifies the flow and organization of information, giving a needed assistance to the organization. The adjustment of the organizational recruitment practices is hence facilitated, allowing the formation of intricate organizations in the form of a system, in contrast to the former hierarchies founded on centralization, and reassigning an essential function to its workers through decentralization of the process of decision making (Swart et al. 2005). The arrival of innovative practices, and its relation to recruitment methods, has been broadly studied in the scholarly literature at the organizational level, leading to a number of studies of the notion referred to as ‘skill-biased technical change’ (SBTC) (Lawler, Mohrman, Mark & Neilson 2003). SBTC, more particularly, studies how the arrival of new technologies creates a prejudice towards more competent employees, and brings about a comparative boost in the demand for competent employees, because these competent employees are required in order to exploit the innovations appropriately (Lawler et al. 2003). A transformation in recruitment practices will be inclined in support of competent employees, or skill-inclined, if the new competencies are more expensive to obtain than those needed to work with old system, while

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Canada Risk Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Canada Risk Analysis - Essay Example In the last decade party leaders have sought to remedy this situation. To remain an attractive partner in multilateral economic arrangements, Canada must struggle to stay competitive (Zimmerman, 2008). Legal environment is favorable for international companies, thus Canada is a US oriented companies with strong cultural and economic relations with the USA partners. Among the major federated states, Canada is the most loosely organized. Constitutionally, the provinces have jurisdiction over matters related to education, culture, and natural resources, and so they have a voice in foreign policies affecting these concerns. Because Canada lacks the equivalent of the "interstate commerce" provision of the U.S. Constitution, even trade between the provinces is not entirely free of encumbrances; thus in trade matters, also, Ottawa is somewhat fettered in dealing with other governments. Furthermore, because Canada lacks the equivalent of the principle that treaties override other domestic legislation (embodied in the U.S. Supreme Court decision Missouri vs. Holland, 1920) Ottawa's diplomatic authority is weak (Zimmerman, 2008). Exchange and repatriation of funds risks In Canada there is no currency restrictions placed on the repatriation of funds. Thus, in some cases, the repatriation may have tax consequences. In Canada, exchange rates are stable, so a foreign company will avoid these risks. Competitive risk assessment In Canada, the international and domestic competition is fierce. Canada has gained from the succession of tariff-cutting rounds, but with its fairly high tariffs has had to make large concessions in return. Furthermore it can be the subject of actions taken against it for allegedly breaking a GATT rule. GATT has no sanctions, but an injured state can impose countervailing duties in retaliation for the offense or take some other action for compensation if a specially-appointed panel rules that a GATT provision has been violated (Zimmerman, 2008). Taxation and double taxation risks The main legal regulations for international companies are Tax rate for resident companies and tax rate on long-term capital gains. VAT rates are based on standardized procedures: 'there is a Goods and Services sales tax (GST) which rate varies depending on the states between 6 and 14%" (FITA 2008). In some cases the threat has been enough to induce the Canadian government to change its regulation. Although Canadians share the U.S. preference for the freest possible global trading system, and indeed cooperate with the United States in GATT and elsewhere in pressing for policies favoring openness, Canada's much smaller economy is especially vulnerable to U.S. moves. Canada's trade is overwhelmingly with the United States; its imports from and its exports to the United States amount to well over 70 percent of the respective totals ()FITA 2008. Market Risks (4 Ps) Canada is also the largest foreign market for U.S. trade, even though U.S. exports to Canada account for no more than 25 percent of total U.S. exports. In fact, the two economies are so integrated that if one country tries to retaliate for a perceived trade injury to some segment, another segment is likely to be harmed in return. Product - Canada is the

Monday, August 26, 2019

Organization public health slp 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization public health slp 1 - Essay Example (NCI, 2008) The estimated 2007 US colon cancer patient is roughly 112,340 men and 55,290 women. (American Cancer Society, 2007) In general, more 28,180 women have died from colon cancer as compared to 26,000 men. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006) On the contrary, more men with 26,991 have died from the disease as compared to women with 26,669 back in 2004. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004) In general, the survival rate of the American White and African American is 66% and 54% respectively. (National Cancer Institute, 2006) A person’s age, family history, personal medical history, diet, polyps or non-cancerous cells, ulcerative colitis, and lifestyle such as excessive smoking and alcohol consumption are the common risk factors related to the development of colon cancer. (NIH Senior Health, 2007; Zeller et al., 2006; Giovannucci & Brigham, 2001; Halvorsen et al., 1999) Lifestyle and diet significantly triggers the possibility of developing colon cancer. In line with this matter, a past study shows that there is a significant relationship between the reduction of folate intake and the increase in alcohol consumption with the increase risk for colon cancer. (Giovannucci et al., 1995) This is because of the fact that folate acts as the regulator of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression through the DNA methylation. Aside from allowing causing a free radical damage to the colon cells, excessive alcohol consumption reduces the folate that is store in the human body. (Wheeler, 2003) When colon cancer is detected, colorectal cancer care is treated with the use of chemotherapy, surgery or radiation therapy. (Dominitz et al., 1998) To minimize the number of death, there is a need for health care workers to assess the risk factors such as age in order to provide the patients with necessary treatment and care. (Seifeldin & Hantsch, 1999) The problem with

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Reading response - Essay Example The Allies were forced to sign off as post First World War the allies were dependent on the United States for not only military and arms but also for fuel, food and other basic requirements. However, only some of the Wilson 14 points made it to acceptance particularly five of them the rest were rejected on the event of being overly ambitious and unrealistic. The impracticality of these points dominated the Great European powers and the experiences of wartime. Apart from the Russian evacuation and the Belgium restoration the other points created more negative vibe than positive effects. For example, the settlement of colonial claims, the French disputed territories; the Italy border adjustments based on nationality etc. all caused more tension and new national disputes rather than solving any problems. Thus not all the points presented by the President were fruitful in generating world peace. The most important point in my view and according to the historical perspective is the last point. ‘Establishment of the League of Nations to secure mutual guarantees of independence and territorial integrity.’ ("President Wilsons Fourteen Points"). This League of Nations was formed through the start of the Second World War and aimed at diluting national sovereignty and creating global and international government. However, this did not materialize as per the speech but this point was the backbone of the 14 points speech by the President Wilson in

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Archeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Archeology - Essay Example Archaeology's close connection with history proves to be an important one. Historical accounts are often based on unearthed and discovered materials. Archaeological records are significant devices in history and anthropology (Neustupny, 1993). Thus, archaeology is an important tool in the continuous writing and understanding of man's history. As new evidences are uncovered, history as we know it may change and may evolve into a better and more truthful account of the past. However, the case may be the opposite, as what may happen if biased study or poor analysis of the excavated materials is carried out. In the end, the importance of archaeology in the uncovering of the very history of man cannot be undermined. "Archaeology has progressed," and the reason is that we, or most of us, no longer consider the creation theory of thousands of BC years (Johnson, 1999, p. 172). Archaeologists carry out important processes that lead to the significant part of their job. Traditional methods may be as what we see in films, and the modern practices have certainly improved. The systematic study of the past (Gamble, 2004) often starts with surveying areas. If significant conclusions are drawn from the initial process, then the excavation plan will proceed.

Friday, August 23, 2019

Software Engneering 1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Software Engneering 1 - Case Study Example The name of the system is an online management system for a magazine publisher. The main actor in the use cases is an editor. The targeted actors for this system are an editor and an internet user who needs articles from a publishers’ online store. The system is aimed at aiding an editor to add and upload new articles into the system. In addition, it aids in provision of a bird’s eye view of the available articles in the system. It further plays significant role in ensuring that the editor can delete articles depending on necessity at hand. Thus, the use cases used are add, upload, view, find and delete. The goal for an add use case is to aid an editor in adding new published documents into the system. The Upload use case is to aid the editor load in new published documents or files from his or her computer to the online management system. The view use case will be functional to both the editor and the users (actors) over the internet. This will aid both in having a bird’s eye view of the available published documents. The find use case is aimed to aid the editor and users across the internet have a functional area where they can use to seek out for something. Finally and yet importantly is the delete use case that is to provide a function for the editor to remove a document from the systems database or display region. As seen from the above use case diagram, the processes involved in the online management system include: An editor updating the system by adding and uploading an item. In addition, a key process that is vital in the system is that an editor is provided with the functionality to remove an item from the

Thursday, August 22, 2019

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay Chapter 1 The narrator and one of the top-two main characters is Nick Carraway. He is a mix of narrator and author of the book. The first thing you encounter in the book is Nick commenting on himself. He characterizes himself as a very highly moral and highly tolerant person. He briefly mentions the hero of his story, Jay Gatsby, saying that Gatsby represented everything he scorns, but he will exempt Gatsby from his usual judgments. The actual story begins when Nick arrived in New York, this in year 1922. He moved there to work in the bond business and rented a house on a part of Long Island called West Egg. Here are some major differences between the place West and East Egg. West Egg is a place for the ? new? rich, those who have made their fortunes recently. The houses are in totally different sizes. Nick’s house is small and poor of taste while Gatsby has a giant mansion. East Egg on the other hand is conservative, aristocratic and noble. Nick is unlike his neighbors, is not lack of social connections and noble pedigrees. He graduated from Yale and has lots of connections on East Egg. If we take a few steps forward in the book, we are in the middle of a dinner on the East egg. Nick is at his cousin’s place, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is married to a man named Tom Buchanan. Daisy seems to be very calm, but superficial and hides behind her proper shell. Tom is a powerful figure, dressed in riding clothes, greeting Nick on the porch and all that. This meeting will also be the first time Nick meets Jordan Baker, his future-flirt. There is never a very big focus on the Jordan and Nick romance even though it’s close to the main character. When Nick gets home he sees a very handsome young man standing in the lawn with his arms reaching towards the dark water, Gatsby. Nick is trying to understand what he is reaching for, but all he can see is a distant green light that might mark the end of the dock. Chapter 2 I found some parts of the book lengthy and not particular eventful and unfortunately chapter 2 was one of them. Basically two things happened. You get to understand the talent to create symbols Fitzgerald, the author, is. One example is a couple of eyes on a billboard in a gray valley halfway between West Egg and New York City, where ashes from New York were dumped. This valley is symbolizing a poor part of the population, the and the eyes could be seen as God or something powerful, since later one important incidents will occur under the watch of these never blinking eyes. The second event takes place on the fourth and final setting of the novel, which is New York City. Tom brought Nick here along with Tom’s lover, Myrtle Wilson. Tom takes Nick and Myrtle to an apartment he keeps for his affairs. Here they have an impromptu party. Nick claims this is the second time in his life he gets drunk and finds the party very vulgar and tasteless, but even though is too fascinated by it to leave. He also realizes during the party that Tom do not feel any regret to be with another woman. Chapter 3 The main reason why Gatsby is so famous around New York is that he throws amazing parties every weekend at his mansion, to which people long to be invited. One day, Gatsby’s chauffeur brings Nick an invitation to one of these parties. Nick takes the short walk to Gatsby’s house and joins the party, feeling somewhat out of place amid the crowd of overjoyed strangers. It does not take long until Nick notice all the rumors going on about their host – no one seems to know the truth about Gatsby’s wealth or personal history. Some say he was a German spy during the war, a graduate of Oxford and the he once killed a man in cold blood, no one really knows. His parties are absolutely insane and almost unbelievably luxurious. Guests marvel over his Rolls-Royce, his pool, his beach, crates of fresh fruit, buffet tents, a live orchestra playing under the stars and liquor flows freely. Nick meets Jordan at the party and while the other guests get more and more drunk, they begin to wonder where Gatsby is. At midnight Nick and Jordan go outside to watch the entertainment. They sit at a table with a handsome young man who says that Nick looks familiar to him: they realize they served in the same division during the war. The man introduces himself as none other than Jay Gatsby. Nick becomes increasingly fascinated by Gatsby, who seems very elaborate and formal and has a habit of calling everyone ? old sport?. He notice that Gatsby does not drink and that he keeps himself separate from the party, standing alone on the marble steps, watching his guests in silence. The remainder of the chapter is basically about Nick’s everyday life. How he works in New York, meets women and so on. Nick follows an advice he got from Daisy and Tom – which is to date Jordan Baker. Jordan, who is a professional golf player, is regarding to Nick dishonest, selfish and cynical but he is attracted to her vitality nevertheless.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Solving proportions Essay Example for Free

Solving proportions Essay Proportions exist in many real-world applications, and in this problem  estimating the size of the bear population on the Keweenaw Peninsula. By comparing  data from two experiments, conservationists are able to predict patterns of animal  increase or decrease. In this situation, 50 bears were captured and tagged and released to  estimate the size of the bear population. A year later, after capturing a random sample of  100 bears only 2 of the bears captured were tagged bears. These proportions will be used  to determine the bear population on the peninsula. This new bear scenario can be solved  by applying the concept of proportions which allows the assumption of the  ratio of  originally tagged bears to the whole population is equal to the ratio of recaptured tagged  bears to the size of the sample. To determine the estimated solution, the bears will be the  extraneous variables that will be defined for solving the proportions used. The ratio of originally tagged bears to the whole population X_2_The ratio of recaptured tagged bears to the sample size 10050 = _2_ This is the proportion set up and ready to solve. X 100  (50)(100), (X)(2)The next step is to cross multiply.  5000 = 2X Divide both sides by 2 2 2  2500 = XThe bear population on the Keweenaw Peninsula is estimated to be  around 2500. The extreme means for this sample were 50 and 100, X and 2.  For the second problem in this assignment, the equation must be solved for Y.  Continuing the discussion of proportions, a single fraction (ratio) exists on both sides  of the equal sign so basically it is a proportion, which can be solved by  cross  multiplying the extremes and means. Y-1 = 3 Original equation solving for Y  X+3 4  4(Y-1) = -3(X+3) Cross multiply both sides  4Y-4 = -3X-9 Add 4 to both sides  4Y = -3X-5 Divide both sides by 4  Y = -3X-5 Final answer for Y  4 4  This is a linear equation in the form of y = mx + b. After comparing the solution  to the original problem, it is noticed that the slope, -3/4 ,is the same number on the right  side of the equation. This indicates that another method exists for solving the sameequation.  Y-1 = 3 Original equation solving for Y  X+3 4  Y-1 = -3(X+3) Multiply both sides by (X+3)  4  Y-1 = -3X-9 Add 1 to both sides  4 4  Y = -3X-5 Final answer  4 4 After solving both of these problems I found it interesting how 2 totally different  equations could be solved with the same basic functions. I also found that everyday life  can incorporate these math functions to solve or estimate daily life events for a number of  different reasons.. REFERENCES References: Elementary and Intermediate Algebra, 4th Ed., Dugopolski

Behavioural Effects on Buyer Purchasing Behaviour

Behavioural Effects on Buyer Purchasing Behaviour EVALUATING BEHAVIORAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER’S PURCHASE OF CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS Presented by Soumita De Shivam Sitoke Piyushi Chaudhary Pratiksha Wadekar Abstract This study evaluates behavioral components affecting buyer purchasing conduct of garments and adornments (Jewelry) in Pune, India. It was particularly carried out to analyze customer purchasing decision making process and survey social, financial and in addition individual components affecting purchasing behavior. Information for the study were assembled through structured questionnaire, on a sample of 120 buyers. The purpose behind this exploration is to inspect purchasers purchasing conduct and comprehend the key elements of brands which impact shoppers contribution towards in vogue marked apparel and stylish adornments. The socio-cultural elements are some of the crucial determinants of an individuals need and behavior. This paper extends comprehension of customer purchasing behavior identified with Indian environment and highlights the elements that exceedingly impact purchaser association in fashion. Introduction In addition to having speedier populace development, India in late decades has made striking financial increases, which have brought about changing societal view of the Indian purchasers. Thus, Indians have turned into a practical ethnic target business sector, Clothing area firms are contending to expand their benefit experience the business and among these organizations; branded attire has moved the traditional dressing enthusiasm of individuals. The Indian clothing business sector has showed growth and development in a sector described by moderate monetary development. The household clothing business, which was worth INR 207,400 crore (~USD 38 billion) starting 2012, is required to develop at a compound normal growth rate (CAGR) of 9% through the following decade. Further, the late exclusion of extract obligation on marked attire has given a driving force to retailers as far as the general business sector opinion. Development in Apparel Industry in India is expanding complex with the change in way of life, income and urbanization of the individuals. The overall customers are accepting the clothing style items created in India. AII has understood the tremendous potential to yield business in this section. The Indian purchasers are embracing stylish things rapidly and helpfully with the ascent in rivalry. The present study has been led to determine the data on the patterns of Apparel Industry in India through dissecting the present and future angles. The gems and Jewelery business is one of the biggest buyer divisions in the nation, bigger than telecom, cars and attire and maybe second just to the nourishment segment. Shoppers are more quality cognizant. The Indian adornments business sector is experiencing a slow transformation from unorganized to organized sector. In a short compass of time, sorted out retailers have effectively actualized a change in the purchasing example of the Indian buyers. This is obvious from the movement from the customary jewelery dealer to the jewelery specialist with a character. This shift obviously demonstrates a change in perspective of adornment as an item to brand Identification. Literature Review A paper named ‘Evaluation of Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Behaviour of Clothes in Borno State, Nigeria’ by Lawan A. Lawan and Ramat Zanna said that Socio-cultural variables made up of social, monetary, and instrumental variables are key components influencing buyer purchasing behavior, it is in this way presumed that socio-cultural elements, either acting autonomously or in conjunction with other individual or demographic components have huge impacts at every stage (need distinguishment, data pursuit, and assessment, support, and post buy conduct) of the purchaser garments purchasing decision making procedure. Having developed the idea from this paper, we try to test the how various buying behavior influence the consumption of an individual in Pune, India. A paper by Namrata Anand and Vandana Khetarpal from Haryana- India named â€Å"Growth of Apparel industry in India: Present and Future† India alternatively said that the span of both domestic and exports houses of Apparel Industry in India (AII) is anticipated to develop at a CAGR of 9.5% to reach $223 billion by 2021 from the $89 billion in 2011, as indicated by a white paper by industry body FICCI and research firm Technopak. Indias offer of the worlds clothing fares remains at 4.5%. It is evaluated that because of the expanding movement of clothing and material creation to Asian countries and the breaking down fare intensity of China, this figure will develop to 8% by 2020, with an aggregate fares estimation of $82 billion. This development, from 4.5 to 8% of world exchange, will open up immense potential for Indian players. According to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the survey stated that most gold jewelery publicized in India as 22-carat was of a lesser quality. Over80% of the diamond setters sold gold adornments running from 13.5 carats to 18 carats as22-carat gold gems. The late 1990s saw various marked adornments players entering the Indian market. O ne can watch that there is gigantic extension for the development of marked gems. Despite the financial stoppage specialists accept that it will develop at a CAGR of 25%. A paper on â€Å"Purchasing Behavior of Women towards Ornaments: A Case Study of Bihpuria Town under Lakhimpur district, Assam† which focuses on the purchasing behavior of ornaments by women in Assam and the percentage of money spent on the ornaments from their total income. Empirical research on the influence of culture on consumer buying behaviour, conducted by Kacea and Lee revealed that there is a compelling and steady impact of society at both ethnicity level and the individual level. The study included that among numerous parts of buyer purchasing conduct which social components moderate incorporate character toward oneself, regularizing impacts, the concealment of feeling, and the post asphalt of moment satisfaction. Objective of the Study To study and comprehend the purchasing conduct of shoppers for branded and non-branded jewellery and clothing The study bails us to discover the contrast between discernment, feeling and conduct of branded and non-branded jewellery and clothing. This exploration provides for us a thought regarding the parameters, purchaser consider while purchasing garments or adornments and to know the level of information that the buyers have while purchasing. Methodology The region of study is the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Pune is said to be the social capital of the condition of Maharashtra. It embodies Marathi society, which lays accentuation on training, expressions and artworks, music, and theater. Pune society mirrors a mix of conventions with advancement, alongside facilitating established shows. Organized poll was utilized to inspire reactions on components impacting customer purchasing conduct. The populace for the study involved occupants from distinctive regions in Pune. The exploration utilized just essential wellsprings of information. Information acquired were subjected to illustrative measurements, chi square, T-Statistics and different relapse investigation utilizing a measurable bundle; GRETL and SPSS. Analysis and Interpretation The information acquired were investigated through program named Gretl and the outcomes were then interpreted. In this study as data collection system, questionnaire /survey was preferred to get target information. Questionnaire has been readied remembering the different human practices and it contained the accompanying questions: Do you like shopping around? Yes No Graph 1 How often do you go shopping? Sometimes Quite Often Regularly Never Graph 2 What tempts you to shop? Attractive advertisements Discounts Fashion Others Graph 3 When shopping, what do you look for? Value for money Good Quality Customer service Product image Others Graph 4 Do you prefer brands? Yes No Graph 5 If yes, which brand? (Clothing brand) If yes, which brand? Ornament brand (Jewellery) Where do you prefer to shop? Online Shopping Malls Market Exhibitions Others Graph 6 Why do you usually shop for Ornaments? For Festive Reasons For Occasions (Weddings, Birthdays) For Gifting Purpose For Investments Purpose For Re-sale Values For Daily Wear Graph 7 The Population Regression Function for Clothing is given by: Yi = ÃŽ ²1 + ÃŽ ²2X1i + ÃŽ ²3X2i + ÃŽ ²4X3i + ÃŽ ²5X4i + ÃŽ ²6X5i + ÃŽ ²7 X6i + ÃŽ ²8 X7i +Ui Where Yi is the dependent or the explained variable, the X’s are the independent or explanatory variables and Ui is the error term. Yi = Consumption Demand X1i = Age X2i = Shopping Intensity X3i = Shopping Frequency X4i = Shopping Temptation X5i = Shopping Requirements X6i = Shopping Brands X7i = Shopping Place ÃŽ ²1= Constant ÃŽ ²2= Coefficient of Shopping Intensity ÃŽ ²3 = Coefficient of Shopping Frequency ÃŽ ²4 = Coefficient of Shopping Temptation ÃŽ ²5 = Coefficient of Shopping Requirements ÃŽ ²6 = Coefficient of Shopping Brands ÃŽ ²7 = Coefficient of Shopping Place We have taken the period 1980-2011 for conducting our study Null Hypothesis: To test ÃŽ ²1 = ÃŽ ²2 = ÃŽ ²3 = ÃŽ ²4 = ÃŽ ²5 = ÃŽ ²6 = ÃŽ ²7 = ÃŽ ²8 = 0 Alternative Hypothesis: ÃŽ ²1 = ÃŽ ²2 = ÃŽ ²3 = ÃŽ ²4 = ÃŽ ²5 = ÃŽ ²6 = ÃŽ ²7 = ÃŽ ²8 ≠  0 After we run an OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) on the available data we get the following results as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Interpretation OLS regression analysis was employed to show the relative influences of variables like age, shopping intensity, shopping frequency, shopping temptation, shopping requirements, shopping brands, shopping place on consumer buying behavior of clothes in the state of Pune. The results indicates that when there is a rise in age by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 0..47 units The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping intensity by 1 unit, the Consumer demand falls by 4.76 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping frequency by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 3.56 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping temptation by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 0.963 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping requirements by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 1.467 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping brands by 1 unit, the Consumer demand falls by 46.15 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping place by 1 unit, the Consumer demand falls by 1.724 units. From the survey and the noted results through the pie charts we can make the following interpretation on the buying behaviour of the consumers:- Shopping intensity shows a negative coefficient influence whereas shopping frequency shows a positive coefficient influence. Income of consumers have the most influences on consumer buying decision process due to the fact that low income earners may want to prioritize their spending to satisfy basic needs and high income earners concentrate more on their taste and preferences. As a result we see a negative coefficient influence with the consumer buying demand and the place of shopping. Consumers with higher income tend to choose places with brands and luxurious commodities as compared to people with lower income, who would choose to maximize their utility of consumption by minimizing the cost. Hence they may prefer to choose places where non-branded clothes are available too. Shopping temptation and requirements have a positive coefficient influence thus stating that when people are tempted by advertisements, their demand for consumption rises. Consumers shop according to their requirements which are a major factor determining consumer’s propensity to spend and the lower it is the higher the need to carefully share it among basic needs. Shopping brands seem to have a negative coefficient influence on the consumer demands proving that people prefer quality of product more than the brand name associated with it. Age was found to have great impacts on purchasing choice process as uncovered by the positive relapse coefficient impacts over the purchasing choice stages. This may most likely be because of our propensities to learn and adjust to methods for the general public as we go through our lifecycle stages, and especially on account of physical advancement, which influence the kind garments we purchase. Since we have cross Sectional data, there might be a presence of heteroscedaticity. In order to cure heteroscedasticity, we use the General White’s test and see the following result:- We take the null of homoscedasticity. The higher the P-Value, more we do not reject the null of homoscedasticity. In order to carry on with the research, we need a more fitted model . Graph 8 Fit of all the variables with Consumer Demand From the above graphs we see how well the consumer demand fits with the independent variables like age, shopping intensity, shopping frequency, shopping temptation, shopping brands, shopping requirements and shopping place. After we run an Chi-Square test on the available data on Ornaments (Jewellery) we get the following results as shown in Table 2, 3 and 4. Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 The study investigated that there is significance between consumer’s age and their choice of brands related to ornaments. We compute a chi-square test. The graphs and the Chi-Square test help us obtain an insight into the consumer’s behavior towards purchasing ornaments. The purchase can be made with respect to festivities, investment, marriages or gifts. The research shows that both male and female gender buys ornaments. We can thus conclude that female gender shows attraction towards jewellery mainly because of consumption but male gender purchases it for investment. Maximum female consumers are interested in the purchase of ornaments. The purpose/reason for purchase varies from consumer to consumer. Conclusion This examination adds to the comprehension of buyer purchasing conduct in the attire and adornment market. The significant discoveries of the study demonstrated that the general arrangement of autonomous/independent variables was weekly connected with the dependent variable. These examinations make it conceivable to find consumer choice making guidelines. The climbing economy has made Indian purchasers more wealthy. This study has concentrated on how the purchasing conduct of customers differs. In light of this study, we presumed that, individuals in Pune city have relevant learning about various brands of the Clothes and adornments. Information about garments and adornments vary in light of the age level. The demographic components like age, sexual orientation i.e., gender, capability, frequency and so on segregating the purchasing conduct of Clothes and Ornaments is in view of this study the mindfulness level of purchasers. The majority of the respondents have the important learning on the famous brands. Respondents are very little partial by retailers data. The criticalness of adornments in the nation is obvious from the way that on numerous promising events, jewellery forms a piece of blessings. Jewellery has not just been considered with the end goal of adoration, additionally as a security in times of contingency. This is on the grounds that it is regularly extravagant and can be sold at whatever point there is a critical need of cash. Thusly, jewellery additionally fill the need of protection, which can be relied on. Because of the hugeness gold holds in India, the Indians purchase gold much of the time for weddings, as well as on their adoring occasions. Buyer’s state of mind, attitude and conduct on adornments purchase in Pune City has assumed a huge role. References www.insikapub.com/Vol-01/No-03/07IJBAS(1)(3).pdf worldwidescience.org/topicpages/c/consumer+buying+behaviour.html mailer.oalib.net/paper/2690805 www.technopak.com/files/Indian_Apparel_Market.pdf www.citiindia.com/pdf/Harminder%20Sahni.pdf www.cmu.edu/diertrich/sde/docs/lowenstein/behavioraleconomics.pdf scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi nowandfuture.com/d2/behavioraleconomicsribe239.pdf www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/demand/economicbehavior/pdf/appendixa.pdf www.nber.org/papers/w7948.pdf Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/plumed/16813142 BOOKS Handbook of Centerport Behavioral Economics, By Morris Altman Behavioral Economic comes of age, By Princeton University ________________________________________________________

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Colobus Monkey :: essays papers

Colobus Monkey In Africa there are many types of animals, one of them is the Colobus Monkey. There are different types of Colobus Monkeys: there is the white Colobus, the red Colobus, and the olive Colobus. The Colobus Monkey is a long tailed tree living primate. The Colobus Monkey can be found all over Africa. The Monkey’s hair color varies from were the live. The Colobus Monkey is very unique. It comes in many types of color, is very active in social behavior and is very smart as shown in their lifestyle. The Colobus Monkey comes in many unique colors. The black and white Colobus is found across the equator of Africa. There are five species, among which the color varies from all black to a skunklike black and white pattern. Black and white Colobus monkeys weigh up to nine kg, or twenty pounds. They live in small social groups of about ten animals, that includes one adult male plus females and their offspring. The red Colobus Monkey is found across Africa from Zanzibar to Senegal. Their color is highly variable, ranging from a bright white and red in the monkeys of Eastern Africa to a dark gray and orange in Western African monkeys. They also weigh up to nine kg, or twenty pounds. Males are usually bigger than females. The red Colobus lives in large groups of up to one hundred individuals, including mostly males. It is a major prey of the chimpanzee in forest, where they both live. The olive Colobus is found in the forest of coastal West Africa. It is the most drably colored of the African Colobus Monkey, being a fairly uniform gray-brown. It weighs only ten pounds and lives in groups of six to eight individuals. After giving birth, the females sometimes carry their infants in their mouths. The red Colobus is a little bit smaller than the black and white group. The olive Colobus is the smallest of all at only four hundred fifty-mm. head and body length. â€Å"The Colobus Monkey doesn’t live in very many places. The Colobus Monkey lives in the tropical areas and forest. They are found in the tropical region of Africa.† (mcsd.org/webmac/schools/ogs/colobusmonk.htm) This backups information on where the primate is located.

Monday, August 19, 2019

The Assault: Part 1: Search For Victory :: essays research papers

I am a normal kid, well sort of. Everyone has those different things about them, for example: I fly planes, fence, and can perform geometry in my head. I am also a good shot with almost any type of gun. I am one of the best strategists in my school. Troon High School, the high school of Troon a town just north of Corpus Christi, Texas is one of the only schools in the state to have a fencing team. We have been the highest rated one in the state only the year I have been here. I am the second best, the best being another 9th grader, Drew Davis. Now, it's time to get to the story.I blocked a downward slash, then gave a weak thrust, mostly to give myself time to regain my balance. He moved back about two paces, I had gained ground. He still had one advantage over me, height. He always won using attacks from above. This match had been going on for about ten minutes, a very long time. The next thing he did surprised me, jumping high in the air; his foot came up and kicked my sword out of my hand. He thrust at me, but missed due to a backward flip on my part. As soon as I landed, I tried to kick his sword away, but his blade found the sensor above my heart. "Match over," the new scoring system announced, "Drew Davis wins over Justin Mills.""I'm still better than you, for all of your intelligence," he taunted at me.He always was trying to provoke a fight with me. Next was the self-defense class that our school was making required after what happened in Colorado. I guess they wanted students to be able to repel any future shootings. I personally think that teaching everyone to fight just gives them a weapon of their own. I hurried to class, yet was still late. "Remember," the teacher was saying, "if your opponent is armed, go for the hand. Never let the gun or knife aim at you. The best thing to do is kick the hand with the weapon."The teacher then proceeded to demonstrate the exact technique Drew used to disarm me in my last fencing match. It was almost the time to go to lunch when I heard Drew's voice come over the school intercom. "All students and staff, the school is now taken over.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Colonists Identity Essay -- essays research papers

The colonies had developed a strong sense of their identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution. The Pre-Revolutionary Period showed how the English colonies buckled down and united. They grew into one major entity which was not going to be taken for a fool, especially not by England.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When England engaged in the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the colonies and their mother country joined together to fight the French. The colonies used popular images to entice people to join the war effort. The colonies wanted to move westward into what was then French territory. When England won the war, the colonists were happy because now hey could move west. However, England drew a Proclamation Line which made West of the Appalachians for the use of the Indians. England wanted to tighten their control over the colonies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  England wanted more authority over the colonies. They needed to pay off their debts so they saw the colonies as a personal bank for their use. The colonists felt united because they believed that they did good fighting for the British. However, England was displeased with how the colonists had fought during the war. They continued to use their colony for their own gain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  England passed the stamp Act in 1765 as a way to get money from the colonies. This act placed a tax on stamps needed to make certain things official. The colonies reacted in united protests and riot...

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Significant Event

One of these events stands out in particular to me and had he greatest impact in my life. Physically disciplining a child has a dramatic impact on both the child as well as the parent. As a child I remember that for any little misbehaver resulted in a physical punishment as well as getting yelled at, as time went by my mind was set that I already knew when the â€Å"beating† was going to come. My family continue to be very big on respect and discipline, but at the time little did they know that by hitting us they weren't just punishing us for a little while, they were in fact pushing us away and causing frustration, at times even hatred.I also researched that in result of physically harming children increases their risk of mental illness, in which resulted when I came upon this article which states that â€Å"It's pretty well established that physically harming children has a negative impact on mental health, but this is showing the same effect even when you look at milder fo rms of physical force. This is saying that physical punishment should not be used on children of any age. † Each perspective has its strengths and weaknesses, which brings difference to our understanding of the human behavior.In my situation am going to go with the behavioral perspective, as well as the psychodrama perspective. By looking at the physical punishment from a behaviorism perspective, conditioning by pain requires that the consequence always occurs immediately after every incident. The psychodrama perspective states that in childhood certain incidents may occur that produce behaviors in their adulthood. Many different conflicts throughout childhood development shape overall personality. Observational learning refers to learning that occurs as a function of observing, and placating behavior observed in which is particular during childhood.I later figured out that the way my mother and aunts were physically punishing me, resulted in the fact that they learned from my grandmother, they completely mimicked the way my grandmother punished them. As I grew older I began to express myself to them in a matter that I felt curious I began to question why would they always physically harm my cousins as well as myself, their excuse still remains the exact same in which they say † That it is simply something they grew up seeing on a daily basis†. SST memories are not always accurate which can result in a blur, but do believe that it depends on how intense was the situation. There are many memories do vividly remember from my childhood but they are also plenty which don't necessarily remember everything, at times will looking at certain photos and remember exactly what I did that particular day, so I do think that it all just depends on the importance of the situation. Although do in fact accurately remember many different situations in which was hit, many of which I now think back ND know that could have been easily solved with just a simple co nversation.

Friday, August 16, 2019

In what ways was the stimulus material developed during the drama process?

Before we had been shown our choices of stimuli, we had been introduced to a range of exercises that enabled us to explore texts, music and pictures in different ways. This helped immensely during the first stages of development, as we had an idea of how the stimuli could influence the performance overall. For example, looking at pictures we would determine who were the main people involved in the picture, and if somebody looked sad, we tried to give them a story behind that sadness. After looking at a variety of pictures, we decided upon ‘Scream' By Edvard Munch. There were two versions of this picture, both colour, and one in black and white. We all agreed that the black and white picture created the wider range of possibilities for us, as it represented a more eerie and haunting scene. We created a spider diagram of words that we felt when looking at the picture. Words relating to anger, trapped, loneliness, disfigurement, illness and paranoia all appeared within this first diagram. The next stage of processing the drama was to decide on which of these themes we liked the most. ‘Trapped' gave us the biggest set of possibilities to explore into, as it incorporated many of the above emotions anyway. After another spider diagram where we came up with a wider range of words that derived from the feeling of being trapped. These included illness, abuse, eating disorders, OCD and correctness. Next each member researched into a specific topic from this diagram, and thought up an interpretation of each scene. We collectively decided that to reflect the image, we would follow no particular structure or genre of acting. We thought that by letting each scene flow independently would create a basis for us to expand on. However we knew that at some point we would have to link them all together to create a performance. Much like the lines in the image, as each line helps create the bigger picture. Our concepts that we're derived from the word trapped were specifically based on modern concepts, which helped with the audiences understanding of the subject matter, and more aware of how it affects society today. There is one scene however which doesn't really reflect modern day, however it is still representative of recent history. This scene is the suffragette scene. We used this to reflect upon the fact that the issues we were representing are not just modern issues, but have in fact been around for years. From our spider diagrams we came up with a list of possible plots, and characters that would be involved in each scene. We experimented with our techniques to develop the stimulus. Rehearsal techniques came in very handy during the dry spells in our development. We were often faced with a mental block of ideas, and therefore chose to experiment with different rehearsal methods based around one of our theme words to help us out. For example, we knew we wanted a scene on abuse, yet we did not know how we wanted to show this. Whether realism or surrealism would be more appropriate and effective. Therefore, we used a technique in which we chose a subject of abuse, and whether we were the abused or the abuser. When a thought came into our mind on the chosen subject, we would shout out how we felt. For example my character had been cheated on, and I said ‘what do you think you're doing with my husband? He's MY husband not yours'. We gradually made the lines more dramatic and offensive, until we had reached the highest level of abuse we thought possible. This really helped us in creating out performance as we then decided to re-enact the abuse scene the same as that, yet eventually repeat one line until we all ended up creating a machine. This form of acting worked well as it showed how the many different aspects of abuse. We decided to do this by walking through the audience and shouting our words to the audience making them feel very uneasy and extremely vulnerable. To enable this technique to have more of an effect, we made the audience sit in small groups of two of three. We placed their chairs randomly at different angles (however all facing the stage to some degree) and this helped create the tension and effect of being alone. We felt this was an important link to our stimulus as the image is relating to loneliness and madness. We used status work to try and create the levels of status that we should portray in each scene. The image represents a delusion of a person who is obviously distressed in some way or another. Therefore during the construction of the scenes, we made every character determine what status they were in comparison to the other characters on the stage at the same time. Although our stimulus provided us with many ideas, we also wanted to incorporate this image with one of the previous stimuli that we had looked at. It was a piece of music which we felt was a representation of poverty as it sounded so sad and depressing. We felt that the image and the music intertwined and linked well with each other, as poverty is present in the music and poverty = loneliness, and loneliness is obviously present in the image.

Workplace Security Essentials: A Guide for Helping Organizations Create Safe Work Environments Essay

MEMO Introduction                   This is to address the need of workplace surveillance for the benefit of both the employees and the employer. It is an important practice because it helps to prevent and reduces cases of theft, and also to monitor what the employees are engaging in during working hours. This is not any way targeting to infringe the employees’ rights of privacy. Video filming for surveillance will be done at sensitive departments only as allowed by the law and such areas include entrance and exits. Controversies                   The issue of workplace surveillance has raised controversies in the implementation because of the different interests of the employers and employees. Most of the employees are always not in agreement with the surveillance measures taken at their work place (Smith, 2010). These employees argue that surveillance has a negative effect on their productivity as it denies them freedom to work without fear of being watched. However, employers believe that surveillance is important as it keeps employees focused and more productive. It also reduces theft cases, which is beneficial to both the employer and the employees. Legislation                   Employees should enjoy some privacy rights at their workplace despite the presence surveillance by the employer (Stam, 2013). There are some places within the workplaces that employees cannot be monitored. Example of areas where surveillance cannot be done include the toilets and the changing rooms. If this legislation is not respected then the employees should sue the company for privacy rights infringement. Future Direction                   It is both important to have workplace surveillance and also give the employees their privacy rights as stipulated by the law. The company should in future harmonize the employees privacy needs with the need for surveillance in order to create a good working environment that serves both their interests. It is important for the company to monitor business communication to ensure that employees are doing the right thing (Staples, 2011). At the same time employees should enjoy their privacy at social places such as the tea room for their own talks out of the work area. Harmonizing the employer and employee needs, will create a better working environment. This increases the employers trust and makes the employees more productive due to job satisfaction References Smith, E. (2010). Workplace Security Essentials: A Guide for Helping Organizations Create Safe Work Environments. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann. Stam, K. (2013). The Visible Employee: Using Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance to Protect Information Assets-Without Compromising Employee Privacy or Trust . New York: Information Inc. Staples, W. (2011). Everyday Surveillance: Vigilance and Visibility in Postmodern Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Source document

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Immigration causes Essay

Groups, societies, or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. The values identify those objects, conditions or characteristics that members of the society consider important; that is, valuable. In the United States, for example, values might include material comfort, wealth, competition, individualism or religiosity. The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In the US, for example, professional athletes are more highly honored than college professors, in part because the society values physical activity and competitiveness more than mental activity and education . Young people Old people are more annoying by far. They are so quick to degrade and stereotype younger people even though every group has had their criminals and bad apples. They are rude and think they can say or do anything to anyone without the other person having any recourse. I have been victimized numerous times by older people and all old people can do is keep degrading us. So I chose Young people because that has a no one can touch me attitude, demo and think they know everything . Science and technologies The distinction between science and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques such as the scientific method. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability and safety. Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering Ââ€" although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors, by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference . Human rights The concept of human rights has existed under several names in European thought for many centuries, at least since the time of King John of England. After the king violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which England had been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Cart, or Great Charter, which enumerates a number of what later came to be thought of as human rights. Right of women Nowadays we take it for granted that women have the same rights as men before the First World War few people believed this . As far as work was concerned there were jobs wish were regarded as women’s jobs and other which were regarded as men’s jobs. Women’s jobs were generally lower paid as men’s. Men did almost all the heavy jobs in industry or in transport . Women had jobs like dress-making, cleaning or worked as servants . Women’s main role was as being to raise children and look for their home. Women were not expected to take position of leaders chip . Women’s role in development Women’s participation in development has vital benefits. In the case of morocco, this participation takes place at there main levels: the social this political and the economic. First, we can’t ignore the active contribution of women in our society as nurses, teachers or mothers and wives. As nurses. women give help to patients in hospitals. as teachers ,they teach the young generation and the illiterate. as mothers and wives, they bring up kids tube good citizens. Second, there are many women who take leading position in the government with a desire to encourage democracy, and establish freedom and equal rights at the components of our society. Citizenship is membership in a society, community, city or town but now usually a country and carries with it to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. Citizenship status often implies some responsibilities and duties. It is largely coterminous with nationality although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen legally subject to a state and entitled to its protection without having rights of political participation in it); it is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a state. In most nations, a non-citizen is a non-national and called either a foreigner or an alien Citizenship , International organization International Organization is a leading peer-reviewed journal that covers the entire field of international affairs. Subject areas include: foreign policies, international relations, international and comparative political economy, security policies, environmental disputes and resolutions, European integration, alliance patterns and war, bargaining and conflict resolution, economic development and adjustment, and international capital movements. Published on behalf of the International Organization Foundation. Drop out of school Increasing stress in school, at work, and at home has caused many students to drop out of school to escape their problems. With this increasing amount of stress and work, some students have become very frustrated and depressed. Students then drop out of school and take the easy way out to eliminate some of that stress . Brain drain The migration of skilled individuals from developing countries has typically been considered to be costly for the sending country, due to lost investments in education, high fiscal costs and labor market distortions. Economic theory, however, raises the possibility of a beneficial brain drain primarily through improved incentives to acquire human capital. Our survey of empirical and theoretical work shows under what circumstances a developing country can benefit from skilled migration. It argues that the sect oral aspects of migration and screening of migrants in the receiving country are of major importance in determining the welfare implications of the brain drain. These issues, as well as the size of the sending country, duration of migration and the effect of Diaspora populations, should be addressed in future empirical work on skilled migration. Brain drain† is the phenomena whereby nations lose skilled labor because there are better paid jobs elsewhere. In recent years , this has affected poorer countries more so, as some rich countries tempt workers away, and workers look to escape bleak situations in their poor home countries. Sustainable development Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. The term was used by the Brandt and Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that â€Å"meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.† The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social . Humor I think that the best things to relief from stress is to watch some sitcoms or hear something funny like jokes Â…person should develop his sense of humor and he should be cool , Comic and optimistic, because some expert of mental .health have noted that we can’t imagine going through a day without laughter. Humor will make every part of your life better. It will help you trough difficult times and it will help you make the good times even letter, also i twill attract good people and good situations to you .

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Boccaccio’s 4 Moral Stories Essay

â€Å"†¦that just as stupidity can often remove one from a state of happiness and place him in the greatest misery, so, too can intelligence rescue the wise man from the greatest of dangers and restore him to his secure state† (Boccaccio 93-94) so begins the story of Saladin, who from the beginnings of pecuniary humbleness becomes a sultan, but because of his many wars (with Christians and other religions) he is short on money and must borrow from the Jew Melchisedech. This Jew was known to not give loans readily and so Saladin meant to hoodwink the moneylender. To this effect Saladin presented this question: Which religion is the one true path; Christian, Jewish, or Saracen? It is with this question that the story of the three rings is given. The story is told by Melchisedech in order to give Saladin a moral lesson. The story tells of a king who must give his ring to the next heir, as is the kingdom’s tradition. This king however has three obedient sons whom the king has promised the ring to each, in secret. In order so that his promise is kept to each son, the king makes the ring into its likeness twice. Thus, when the king dies and each son claims the throne, they each get their ring to prove their position. However, the rings are made in such similar fashion that no one can tell them apart. So, the sons decide to leave it that way. So too does Saladin leave his question to the Jew unanswered and decides to be frank with the man and come right out and ask for the money. The lesson is that there is no one true religion, and furthermore, as a way of wit, Boccaccio is stating that one cannot fool a Jew. The Monk, The Abbot and the Farm Woman In this story, Boccaccio delivers the narrative through the voice of Dioneo, whose story involves lies in order to save ones own body from mortal punishment, in this case, a monk. The monk, whose youth and vigor are not daunted by fasts or prayers, gives into his carnal pleasure one afternoon with a farm girl. The Abbot happens to be walking by and hears the commotion the two of them are making in the monk’s room. Instead of opening the door upon them then, the Abbot decides to wait. In waiting, the monk comes up with his own scheme. The Abbot soon gets the key to the monks room and upon seeing the young woman there, decides to take advantage of the situation, reciting this idiom to himself, â€Å"†¦a sin that’s hidden is half forgiven† (Boccaccio 98). The monk is reprimanded but tells the Abbot that his sin is shared with the Abbot (this is discovered through the monk explaining about the position of the Abbot and the farm woman’s sexual positions). Thus, unwilling to go to prison himself, the Abbot excuses the monk from prison. The moral lesson in this story is along the same lines as not being the one to throw the first stone; meaning, everyone sins, therefore, is judgment is to be given to anyone; it must be given equally or not at all. In the case of the Abbot and the monk, the punishment for their sins is not given at all. The Story of Balducci and his Son Balducci is a man who has lost wife. In so doing, he has lost his love. She however has left him their two year old son.   Without the great love in his life, Balducci renounces the world and decides to dedicate his remaining years to God, and to do the same for his son. Thus, the two family members are in service of God in a little hut on the top of Mount Asinaio. Miscommunication, or misleading input and sin is the theme of this story. When the son of the story goes into Florence with his father, he only has eyes for women. He has seen nothing so beautiful or charming. He asks his father if he may bring a ‘gosling’ home and feed it (for the father has told the son that the name for women is gosling). The father is refusing the sons request, and realizes that nature is more powerful than intelligence. In this realization the father feels he has lost all of the years of upbringing with his son for nature, or carnal pleasure has won. It is at this point that the narrator interrupts the story and tells of how women, their beauty, company, and decorum are what he chiefly desires. It is these desire that he has measured life by. Thus, the moral of this short piece of fiction is to not judge someone else’s desires by one’s own grief. The father merely wanted to spare his son the grief of knowing the death of your loved one.   Thus, the moral of the story becomes more about personal happiness and how that cannot be judged by anyone. Thus, pleasure is to be had in life and that is what the son is arguing for with his father, he is arguing for the pleasures of life. The Story of Tancredi and Ghismunda Tancredi is the prince of Salerno and it is his story with which the Fourth Day begins. The love of Tancredi’s life is his daughter. The ominous story teller says that Tancredi’s life would have been easier had he not had her, but the story begins this way in order for the reader to judge the qualities of such a life. Tancredi’s daughter is so beloved by him, that she is made to stay by his side for an extended amount of time. Although she has had many suitors, she has not married and is well past the age to have done so. Finally, Tancredi has her marry Duke of Capua. Unfortunately the Duke dies and thus Tancredi’s daughter returns to her father. She quickly realized that her father had no further intentions of giving her away in marriage again and so set about finding a suitable lover. Guiscardo is the valet of the Prince and is the one Ghismunda falls in love with. He returns the Prince’s daughter’s affections.   However, they are soon found out by the Prince. He has Guiscardo imprisoned and beckons his daughter why she would do this; why she would ingratiate herself with someone who is not noble enough to fraternize with. Ghismunda’s defense lies with answering for herself by stating that she is his daughter and will continue to lover Guiscardo even in death. She argues that it is the disposition of the young to want these things; love and desire.   She implores her father’s sense of self in this argument. In essence Ghismunda cannot deny her nature, and her nature is to love in a carnal and spiritual way. Thus, it is not her fault and she further defends herself by saying that she chose Guiscardo over all of the others because of his behavior and his noble nature not his noble birth (of which cannot lay claim to having been born in poor circumstances). She soon kills herself as Guiscardo had been ordered strangled and his heart cut from his body. On her death bed her father comes to her too late and repents for his cruelty, it is in this moment that the moral lesson is learned. The lesson is this: Do not repent too late for your sins, nor should one be cruel toward someone who is merely acting in their nature (in this case Ghismunda acting in her nature to love). Thus, the sin is not carnal pleasure in the story but the misunderstanding or misguided love of a father for his daughter and his negligence of her needs through only seeing to his own needs. Therefore the moral of the story is also selfishness.